Incidenza della concezione del predicato d’esistenza nella critica heideggeriana dell’ontoteologia. Una rilettura di Tommaso d’Aquino e Giovanni Duns Scoto

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Articolo

rivista	RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA NEO-SCOLASTICA
fascicolo	RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA NEO-SCOLASTICA - 2015 - 1 - 2
titolo	Incidenza della concezione del predicato d’esistenza nella critica heideggeriana dell’ontoteologia. Una rilettura di Tommaso d’Aquino e Giovanni Duns Scoto
autore	Alessandro Ghisalberti
editore	Vita e Pensiero
formato	Articolo \| Pdf
online da	10-2015
issn	00356247 (stampa) \| 18277926 (digitale)

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Descrizione
Following the aim pursued by Marion to distinguish the Martin Heidegger’s interpretation of ontotheology from the scholastic metaphysics, this paper focalizes the attention on the modalities with which Thomas Aquinas sets God outside the range of the «being» that metaphysics claims to describe and define; in effect, because of the analogy, he digs a chasm between two conceptions of being: the actus essendi and the copula. The esse commune does not have a real ontological consistency, that is, it is not hypostatized: so we must not identify the esse of God with the esse as it is studied in logic and ontology. This thesis is documented through some fundamental passages of Aquinas’ works dedicated to the relation between esse commune and the Ipsum esse of God, concerning the relation between Being and Logos, and the characteristics of the actus essendi described in his metaphysics of participation. Finally, it is shown that the metaphysics of Duns Scotus is not touched by the heideggerian charge of «oblivion of being», because, on the one hand, it is founded on the univocity of the ens in quantum ens; and, on the other hand, it is based on the disjunctive transcendentals of finite or infinite: in their extension towards the gnoseological and ontological sphere, Scotus claims that just the individual entity, marked by the haecceitas, must be said existent.

Descrizione

Following the aim pursued by Marion to distinguish the Martin Heidegger’s interpretation of ontotheology from the scholastic metaphysics, this paper focalizes the attention on the modalities with which Thomas Aquinas sets God outside the range of the «being» that metaphysics claims to describe and define; in effect, because of the analogy, he digs a chasm between two conceptions of being: the actus essendi and the copula. The esse commune does not have a real ontological consistency, that is, it is not hypostatized: so we must not identify the esse of God with the esse as it is studied in logic and ontology. This thesis is documented through some fundamental passages of Aquinas’ works dedicated to the relation between esse commune and the Ipsum esse of God, concerning the relation between Being and Logos, and the characteristics of the actus essendi described in his metaphysics of participation. Finally, it is shown that the metaphysics of Duns Scotus is not touched by the heideggerian charge of «oblivion of being», because, on the one hand, it is founded on the univocity of the ens in quantum ens; and, on the other hand, it is based on the disjunctive transcendentals of finite or infinite: in their extension towards the gnoseological and ontological sphere, Scotus claims that just the individual entity, marked by the haecceitas, must be said existent.