Processi di auto-organizzazione e interazione sistemi-ambiente
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This contribution deals with the concepts of «self-organization» and «emergence»,
starting from the physico-mathematical approach to phase transitions. In this regard
we evidence the strong limits of this approach which prevent from its application to
the study of self-organization and emergence processes within the biological realm.
This circumstance raises a number of philosophical and practical difficulties,
because this approach cannot account for both the logical correctness of a number
of philosophical arguments, and the huge quantity of observational data collected
in different scientific contexts. In order to suggest an escape from this situation without renounce to the use of mathematical models we propose to introduce a suitable
generalization of the physico-mathematical approach, consisting in dealing with
the systems as open and interacting with an external environment. We show that
this framework could, in principle, avoid some contradictions and paradoxes which
characterize the actual scientific and philosophical research on complex systems.
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