Il problema delle categorie tra neokantismo e fenomenologia
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The theory of categories, developed starting from Kantian epistemology, repeats the Aristotelian model of predicative forms, in this way trying to provide an exhaustive outline of categorical forms. The purpose of Kant, however, fails because no predicate calculus, unlike the propositional calculus, can reach completeness. The classical Neo-Kantians (Cohen, Natorp, Cassirer) therefore introduce essential changes, including space and time within categorical range and grounding concepts and judgments on Principles or ‘Fundamental propositions’, to account for the relational structure of the categorical division. Nevertheless, these changes too do not solve the problem of intuition and individuation, which young Neo-Kantians (particularly Zocher, Hönigswald and Cramer) develop in the sense of a ‘transcendental semantics’ capable of mediating between principle and fact, criticism and system. Husserl and phenomenology bring to an end this semantic determination of categories through the eidetic intuition, the method of variation and the functioning intentionality, identifying in the temporal consciousness a new ‘logic of experience’.
keywordsCategories, Proposition, Trascendentalism, Neo-Kantianism, Phenomenology |
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